Knowledge and Use of Preconception and Antenatal Folic Acid Supplementation in Women with Pre-Existing Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study from Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Pre-existing diabetes is a well-established risk factor for adverse fetal outcomes,
including congenital anomalies such as neural tube defects. Preconception and periconception folic acid
supplementation represent an evidence-based strategy for reducing these risks.
The objective of this study was to enhance awareness among both the general population and healthcare practitioners
is essential to ensure the timely and appropriate use of folic acid for preventive purposes.
Methodology: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness, understanding, and utilization of folic acid among
pregnant women with diabetes attending antenatal care, as well as its integration into routine clinical practice.
Results: Of the 50 participants, 14% were aware of folic acid supplements, 8% were familiar with the impact of folic
acid supplements on birth defects. 2% of participants reported that their doctors had discussed the effects of diabetes
on pregnancy with them. 46% of respondents reported currently taking folic acid supplements. 92% of participants
were unaware of the role of folic acid in the prevention of neural tube defects in pregnancy with diabetes and the fact
that diabetes increases the risk of neural tube defects in babies.
Conclusion: The findings underscore a significant need to strengthen awareness and educational initiatives targeting
both the public and healthcare professionals, in order to optimize folic acid use and reduce the risk of adverse
pregnancy outcomes associated with diabetes.