Frequency of Coronary Artery Ectasia as a Cause of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients Presenting in Jinnah Hospital Lahore

Abstract

Background and Objective: In coronary artery ectasia (CAE), coronary angiography reveals a distinctive diffuse dilatation of the coronary arteries. Ectasia due to congenital or acquired reasons results in endothelial dysfunction leading to a turbulent and sluggish blood flow across the affected vessels. As a result, coronary thrombosis or micro emboli occlude the vessels and patients may present with signs and symptoms of the acute coronary syndrome. The objective of this study was to observe the frequency of CAE on coronary angiography among patients presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome to the cardiology department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from July 2021 to December 2021. After IRB approval and informed consent, using non-probability consecutive sampling technique, 966 patients who underwent coronary angiography after clinical confirmation of ACS were included in the study. A semi-structured Performa was used to record the data depicting the clinical presentation, presence or absence of CAE, and socio-demographic variables. The data were transferred to SPSS 21 for analysis purposes.
Results: Out of 966 patients who presented with ACS to the cardiology department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, only 0.92% had CAE on coronary angiography. The age groups of the participants had a statistically significant association with their CAE status (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: CAE was rarely found on coronary angiography among patients who presented with ACS in the cardiology department of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore.
Keywords: Coronary angiography, Myocardial infarction, Coronary vessels.