Metabolic Syndrome in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease Presenting to the Nephrology Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Abstract

Background & Objective: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is on rise and is proven to be a

known factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, its association with chronic kidney disease is also

emerging which can accentuate the risk of cardiovascular events in patients of CKD. Therefore, this study

was conducted to determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome and its related factors among patients with

chronic kidney disease presenting to the Nephrology outdoor.

Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted at Nephrology department Jinnah hospital Lahore. About

110 patients of CKD diagnosed for atleast 6 months, aged 18-60 and fulfilling the selection criteria were

enrolled after an informed consent by non-probability consecutive sampling. Measurement of blood pressure

and central obesity was done as per standard protocol and all the information was recorded in proforma. A 5

ml of blood sample was taken for triglyceride, HDL, and fasting blood sugar levels after ensuring overnight

fasting. Frequency percentages were calculated for qualitative variables by using SPSS26. Chi-square test

was applied to check statistical significance between metabolic syndrome and effect modifiers.

Results: The Mean age of patients was 42.46 + 5.580 with about 63(57%) being male. Majority had CKD

stage-V 64(58%), and had the disease for more than 5 years i.e. 75(68%). The frequency of MetS was

39(35%) with that of high blood pressure 68(62%) being the most common among all components, followed

by high fasting plasma glucose levels 52(47%), high triglyceride levels 35(32%), high HDL levels 32(29%)

and central obesity 30(27%). A statistically insignificant relationship of MetS was seen on stratification for

age, gender, duration, and stage of CKD.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that a considerable frequency of MetS 35% is present among patients with

CKD. Thus, there is a dire need to screen all the patients with CKD for the presence of MetS as an essential

component of their routine follow up. This will help in its early diagnosis and management which may halt

the disease progression and decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with this lethal but manageable

double burden of disease.