Reporting High Risk Histopathological Features in Ophthalmic Pathology

Abstract

Background and Objectives: There can be a wide variety of space-occupying lesions in and around the orbit. These include congenital lesions, benign vascular lesions, inflammatory and infectious diseases and malignant neoplasms. In surgical pathology, the idea of a critical diagnosis in ophthalmic pathology entails a determination of the gravity of an anatomic finding and whether or not it was clinically predicted. If pertinent clinical information is included with the specimen before it is sent to the lab, pathologists are less likely to wrongly label a diagnosis unexpected. The aim of this study was to determine critical diagnosis in different neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in ophthalmic pathology. Methods: From January 2021 to March 2023, this cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the pathology department of a tertiary care hospital. Eighty-six cases of different lesions in the orbit were collected from Mayo Hospital, Lahore. All of the ocular specimens submitted to anatomical pathology were subjected to non-probability, convenient sampling to gather data, while the study did not include samples submitted for frozen sectioning or cytological examination. Results: In 76% of instances, the histological diagnosis matched the clinical diagnosis. For 29 benign lesions, the ages of the patients ranged from 1-60 years with a mean of 31.48 years ±14.43 SD. Cystic lesions were the most common benign lesions. There were 27 malignant lesions of orbit. Basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were the most frequent malignancies in adults whereas retinoblastoma was the most common tumor of children. Age ranged from 3-82 years with a mean of 51.54 years ±24.58 SD. The lesions were more frequent in females. Conclusion: In this study of 86 cases of lesions in orbit, it was concluded that non-neoplastic cystic lesions including epidermal inclusion cyst and dermoid cysts were most common. Among the malignant tumors, basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor followed by squamous cell carcinoma.